Photographic document copying apparatus



Jan. 12, 1965 Filed Aug. 25, 1961 E. H. LAND ETAL 3,165,046

PHOTOGRAPHIC DOCUMENT COPYING APPARATUS 8 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTORS ATTORNEYS Jan. 12, 1965 I E. H. LAND ETAL 3,165,045

PHOTOGRAPHIC DOCUMENT COPYING APPARATUS Filed Aug. 25. 1961 8 Sheets-Sheet 2 3 I30 \Y/ 7", III,

ATTORNEYS Jan. 12, 1965 E. H. LAND ETAL PHOTOGRAPHIC DOCUMENT COPYING APPARATUS 8 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Aug. 23, 1961 INVENTOR3 ATTORNEYS Jan. 12, 1965 I H, LAND ETAL 3,165,046

PHOTOGRAPHIC DOCUMENT COPYING APPARATUS Filed Aug. 25. 1961 a Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR} Q BYWMW.

ATTORNEYS Jan. 12, 1965 H. LAND ETAL- 3,155,046

PHOTOGRAPHIC DOCUMENT comm; APPARATUS Filed Aug. 23. 1961 8 Sheets-Sheet 5 ,2 I I I I I /|46 INVENTORS Egan M ATTORNEYS Jan. 12, 1965 I E. H. LAND ETAL PHOTOGRAPHIC DOCUMENT COPYING APPARATUS 8 Sheegts-Sheet 6 Filed Aug. 23, 1961 INVENTQRS MMW ATTORNEYS E. H. LAND ETAL PHOTOGRAPHIC DOCUMENT COPYING APPARATUS Jan. 12, 1965 8 Sheets-Sheet 7 Filed Aug. 23, 1961 ATTORNEYS Filed Aug. 25, 1961 Jan. 12, 1965 .5, H, LAND ETAL 3,165,046

PHOTOGRAPHIC DOCUMENT COPYING APPARATUS a Sheets-Shet a adiba.

INVENTORJ ATTORNEYS United States Patent 3,165,646 PHOTOGRAPHEC DGCUMENT COPYING APPARATUS Edwin H. Land, Cambridge, Nicholas Gold, Arlington,

Paul B. Mason, Magnolia, and Arthur J. Sable, Boston,

Mass, assignors to Polaroid Corporation, Cambridge,

Mass., a corporation of Delaware Filed Aug. 23, 1%1, Ser. No. 133,483

, 2 Claims; (Cl. 9575) This invention relates to photographic apparatus, and, more particularly, to photographic apparatus for making copies of original documents.

A complete photographic document copying apparatus generally comprises means for exposing a photosensitive image-recording material in conjunction with an original to produce an image of the original and means for treating the exposed image-recording material to produce a' copy of the original. In document copying devices of the type with which the present invention is concerned, the image-recording material is in the form of a sheet comprising a support carrying a layer of a photosensitive material such as silver halide. An area of the photosensitive sheet is exposed in conjunction with the original and is then subjected to a process involving the distribution of a fluid in. contact with the photosensitive material. The apparatus of the invention is designed to produce a positive copy by a dry process, so-called because the fluid is confined between the photosensitive sheet and a second sheet, superposed with the photosensitive sheet following exposure thereof. Additionalfeatures common to most document copying apparatus of this type include means for feeding an original into the apparatus, supeiposing it with the photosensitive sheet during exposure of the photosensitive sheet, separating the original from the photosensitive sheet and feeding it from the apparatus, exposing the photosensitive sheet, superposing the photosensitive sheet with a second-sheet, distributing a processing fluid between the sheets to form a sandwich in which the copy is produced, and advancing the sheets through the apparatus. 7 I

The document copying. apparatus of the invention is distinguished from, other devices of this type by its incorporation of novel features which-are the objects of the invention, namely: 1

To provide a novel and improved document copying apparatus capable of producing copies by an essentially dry diffusion transfer-reversal process, which apparatus is easyand convenient to operate manually;

To provide a document copying device of the type described characterized by a construction which is simple.

and inexpensive, is sufficiently compact to provide'ffor easy portability, is reliable in its operation, and produces uniformly goodcopies; and

number of copies, provision is made for easy loading 0f reflected fromtthe original. Moreover, the process perice FIGURES l and 2 are perspective views of document copying apparatus embodying the invention;

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of the apparatus of FIGS. 1 and 2, the section being taken along a plane substantially midway between the sides of the apparatus;-

FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 3 showing the components of the apparatus in an inoperative position in which the components are spaced apart to permit loading of sheet materials into the apparatus;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of components of the apparatus shown with the outer housing removed;

FIG. 6 is a fragmentary perspective view, partially in bodiment of document copying apparatus incorporating the invention;

FIG. 12 is a somewhat schematic sectional view of the document copying apparatus of FIG. 11; and

FIG. 13 is a sectional view taken substantially along the line 15.--l3 of FIG. 11, showing in detail components of the apparatus.

As noted in the objects, the document copier of the invention is designed as a completely portable, hand operated device,wh'ich does not require an external power source and, accordingly, can be used anywhere. The op eration of the device is quite simple, requiring only that the operator introduce a fluid-filledstraw-shaped container intov the apparatus and then withdraw it from the apparatus, introduce an original document to be copied into an opening in the apparatus and then advance the sheets through the apparatus by grasping and pulling the sheets directlyfrom the apparatus, or by manipulating some type of lever'or crank. The apparatus can be used alternatively to make copies directly by exposing through the original or by making'so-called reflex copies in. which light is formed by the apparatus is essentially dry, so that there is no danger of spillage of liquids from tanks in which the sheets are immersed; and the copy is delivered from the apparatus immediately following exposure in a dry condition. The introduction ofthe processing tluid is simply and easily accomplished in such a way as to insure the sheets into the apparatus, and the photosensitive sheet may be subjected to either a direct or reflex type of exposure.

, Other objects of the invention willin part be obvious and will in part appear hereinafter.

The invention accordingly comprises the apparatus possessing the construction, combination of elements and detailed description taken inconnectionwith the accompanying drawings wherein:

1 copying apparatus embodying the invention.

proper'fluid distribution and prevent any likelihood of waste of the fiuidorgcontamination of the the operator by the fluid. I A "Reference is now made to FIGS. l-through 8 wherein there is illustrated one fornr of photographic document This apparatus comprises" a housing, designated 10, for mounting and ericlosing the components of the'apparatus. Housing it) comprises an upper housing section 12 and a lower housing'section 14 pivotally secured to one another at a hinge 16 located at one end (termed the rear end) of the housing. The two housing sections are pivotable between the closed or operative position shown in FIGS. 1 through apparatus or 3, in which the components of the apparatus are inopera tive relation, and theopen or inoperative position shown in FIG. 4, in which the two housing sections are located apart frornone another to permit loadingof photographic materials into the apparatus in preparation for use. 1 Upper housing section 12 includes an upper wall, including'means defining an inlet passage 2% and exit passage 22 through which an original document to be copied can be, respectively, introduced into and fed from the apparatus. Inlet passage is defined by convergent walls designated, for purposes of description, as a forward wall 24, a rear wall 26 and side walls 28. Exit passage 22 is similarly defined by a forward wall 30, rear wall 32 and side walls 34. The housing sections include portions defining a withdrawal opening 36 at the forward end of the housing through which photographic sheet materials, including copies produced by the apparatus, are withdrawn from the housing. Withdrawal opening 36 is defined by a forward end wall 38 on lower housing section 14 and a forward end wall 40 on upper housing section 12. Forward end wall 38 extends upwardly at an angle toward the front of the housing and forward end wall 40 extends downwardly at an angle toward the front of the housing at an angle toward the rear of the housing where the lower edge of forward end wall 40 cooperates with the upper edge of forward end wall 38 to define withdrawal opening 36.

Housing 10 includes upper side walls 42 on upper housing section 12 and lower side Walls 44 on lower housing section 14. Lower housing section 14 also includes a bottom wall 46 on which are mounted feet 48 which which serve to support the apparatus, and which are preferably formed of a material, such as, rubber, having a high coefficient of friction forpreventing the apparatus from sliding on the surface on which it is supported during use.

The operative components of the document copying apparatus are mounted on support members or chassis carried within housing 10 on the upper and lower housing sections. These support members include a lower chassis or frame 50 comprising a base plate 52 and side plates 54 and 56 extending upwardly from the base plate which rests on bottom wall 46 extending upwardly from the base plate, which rests on bottom wall 46 of lower housing section 14. An upper chassis or frame 58 'is provided comprising side plates 60. and 62 which may jacent their ends on side plates 54 and 56[adjacent the forward ends of the side plates. Arms 74 are pivotally mounted at studs 76, secured in side plates 54 and 56 so that intermediate chassis 72 maybe pivoted between the operative position, shown in FIG. 3, to the inoperative position of FIG. 4 which permits loading of photographic materials into the apparatus.

The document copying apparatus of the invention is designed to produce copies of originaldocuments by a photographic process involving the exposure of a photosensitive sheet and the treatment of the exposed photo- 4 the material comprising the original is transmissive to light actinic to the photosensitive material. When the original has subject matter on both sides or is not transmissive to actinic light, then reflex exposure is used and this involves transmitting the actinic light through the photosensitivesheet to the surface (to be copied) of the original which reflects some of the light back to the photosensitive materal further exposing the photosensitive material to form a developable image therein.

Following exposure, the photosensitive material is treated with a fluid in conjunction with a second or imagereceiving sheet, herein designated 78, superposed with the photosensitive sheet to form a transfer image on the image-receiving sheet. Image formation is effected by a silver halide diffusion transfer-reversal process distinguished by the fact that it is an essentially dry process, in which the fluid effecting the processing is confined between the sheets, obviating the necessity for tanks of fluid in which the sheets are immersed.

In this type of photographic transfer process, the photosensitive and second sheets are superposed and a fluid is distributed between the sheets by advancement of the superposed sheets in superposition between a pair of pressure-applying members. The two sheets are retained in superposition for a predetermined period during which a silver halide developer in the processing fluid reduces exposed silver halide to silver and unexposed silver halide is converted to a soluble complex which is transferred by diffusion to the image-receiving sheet where it is reduced to silver'to form a positive transfer image. The imagereceiving sheet may include an image-receptive layer carried on a suitable support such as paper, or it may function as a support for a layer in which an image is formed.

For examples of processes of this type and materials useful therein, reference may be had to US. Patents Nos. 2,543,181, issued February 27, 1951, and 2,662,822, issued December 15, 1953, both in the name of Edwin H. Land.

The apparatus comprises means for holding a supply of photosensitive sheet 77, preferably in the form of an elongated web or strip of sufficient length to make a large number of copies. This means comprises a conventional spool 80 and means on side plates 54 and 56 sensitive sheet with a fluid to produce a transfer image in a second or image-receiving sheet which is superposed with the exposed photosensitive sheet during treatment of the latter. The photosensitive sheet, herein designated 77, preferably comprises a photosensitive silver halide carried on a suitable support. The silver halide may be in the form of a gelatin emulsion and the support may comprise any of the conventional 'film base materials, paper being preferable because of its inexpensiveness. Exposure-of the photosensitive material may be of one of two different types, i.e., reflect or direct. Direct? exposure of the photosensitive material involves exposure of the silver halide to light transmitted through the original to the photosensitive material, and is useful when the original has subject matter on only one surface and,

of lower chassis 50 for mounting the spool at its ends for pivotal; movement between the. side plates within the rearmost portion of housing 10. Arms 74 of intermediate chassis 72 are provided with means for mounting a second spool 82 on which is coiled a supply of image-receiving sheet 78 substantially equal in length and width to photosensitive sheet 77. The supply of second sheet 78 on spool 82 is enclosed within housing 10 at the forward end' of the housing.

The document copying apparatus of the invention includes means for subjecting the photosensitive material to both reflex and direct types of exposures. The exposure means comprises two sources of illumination and means for conducting the photosensitive sheet and an original in superposition past the sources of illumination to effect exposure of the photosensitive sheet. An advantage of the present apparatus resides in the fact that the photosensitive material can be very sensitive because it .is kept in a light-free environment; and the use of a fast photosensitive material means that the light source does not have to be anywhere as near as intense as that required if thephotosensitive sheet materialwereto be handled in the light. The sources of illumination are essentially the.

same, and each comprises an elongated bar or rod 84 of a transparent material such as glass or an organic plastic. Bar 84 is substantially circular in cross section, is at least equal in length to the width of the photosensitive sheet such as metal, which is opaque tolightactinidto the photosensitive material and is provided with an axial slot 88 at least equal in length to the width of the photosensitive sheet for transmitting light emitted from bar 84. One of the sources of illumination is mounted on upper housing section 12 and the other is mounted on lower housing section 14, and the photosensitive sheet and original are guided in superposition between the two sources of illumination so that the photosensitive sheet may be subjected to either a reflex or direct exposure. Oneof tubes 86 is mounted at one end in side plate 56 with its other end sections, designated 90, extending through an opening in side plate 54. The other tube 86 is similarly mounted with one end secured in side plate 62 and its other end section 90 extending through an opening in side plate 60.

The sources of illumination are in the form ofincandescent lamps 92, each mounted within end section 90 of a tube 86 adjacent the end of the bar 84 contained within the tube., Each lamp 92 can be quite small since the lumenence requirements need not be great, and each is shown mounted in a reflector 94 carried on end cap 96 secured to end section'90 of the tube. Tubes 86 and bars 84 contained therein are mounted with their axes substantially parallel and with slots 88 facing one another. The cylindrical surface of each of bars 84 is provided with a roughened or scratched area extending lengthwise of the bar and covering'a longitudinal portion of the cylindrical surface disposed opposite the slot 88 of the tube 86 in which the bar is enclosed. This roughened surface functions as a diffusing refiector for reflecting light transmitted by the-bar from lamp 92 radially through the slot in the tube. In order to insure uniformity of light emitted by each bar throughout the length of the slot through which the emitted light is transmitted, the area of the roughened or scratched surface portion varies in its angular dimension from end to end of the bar, this area being smaller at the end closest the lamp and. larger at the end furthest from v R 2 are provided mounted for rotation on and interme- I diate side plates 54 and 56. Guide rolls 1% and 162 are positioned with their axes substantially parallel with one another and'withthe axes of bars 84 and tubes 86, and are located for engaging tube 98 at positions spaced from one another around theperiphery of the cylindrical surface of tube 98. A backing roll 104 is provided mounted for rotation on and intermediate side plates 60 and d2 in position for urging tube 98 against guide rolls 1% and 102. I I

Photos ensitive sheet 77 is conducted from spool 84 between guide roll 1110 and tube 93 around a portion of the cylindrical surface of tube 98 andbetween guide roll 1&2 and tube 98. Slots 88 in tube 85 are positioned for trans-' mitting light from bars 84 for exposing the portion of the photosensitive sheet supported by tube 98 intermediate guide rolls'lilil and 102, and the sources of illumination are designed to be used selectively and one at a time for exposing the photosensitive'sheet as it is advanced around the portion of tube 98 between guide rolls 100 and 102 past slots 88 in tubes 86. f

During exposure of photosensitive sheet '77, an original document, designated 106 in FIG. 3, is superposed with the photosensitive sheet between the latter and tube 98. The original is introduced through passage 20 and means are provided for. sealing the passage against the admission oflight and guiding and feeding the originalinto superposition with photosensitive sheet 77 at the bite of guide roll and tube 98. In the form shown, this light-sealing and feeding and guiding means comprise a pair of inlet feed rolls 1118 mounted for rotation in juxtaposition with their axes substantially parallel, within housing 10, on and between side plates 69 and 62. Inlet feed rolls 108 include resiliently deformable surfaces and are positioned with. the bite of the feed rolls located in alignment with the inner end of passage 20 in position for engaging original 196 and advancing the original toward the bite of tube 98 and guide roll 109. The inlet feed rolls engage the original along a line lying in a plane substantially tangent to the surface of tube 98 at a line at least closely adjacent the line of contact between tube 98 and guide roll 160. At least one of inlet feed rolls 1% is driven for advancing original 106 through passage 20 intothe bite of tube 998 and guide roll 1% between the tube and photosensitive sheet 77. A 1ight-sealing element 111) is provided dependent from rear wall 26 and extending downwardly to the rear of the rearmost inlet feed roll 1% and forwardly to a position adjacent the bite of tube 98 and guide roll 1% for insuring against exposure of the photosensitive sheet to light transmitted through passage 20.

'As a means for feeding original 1% from the housing through passage 22 following exposure of the photosensitive sheet in superposition with the original, there are provided a pair of outlet feed rolls 112 mounted for rotation in juxtaposition and with their axes parallel on and between side plates 6i and 62. The construction of outlet feed rolls 112 is similar to that of inlet feed rolls 1138 and the outlet feed rolls are positioned with the bite of the rolls located at the inner end of exit passage 22 in position for engaging the original along a line lying in a plane substantially tangent to both tube 8 and guide roll M2. The document copying apparatus is designed for copying originals which are substantially flat and tend to assume a planar configuration so that as an original 1% is advanced from between the bite of tube 98 and guide roll 1&2, the leading edge of the original tends to move in a plane tangent to tube 98, guide roll itl2and outlet feed rolls 112 so as to enter the bite of the outlet feed rolls and become engaged thereby. At least one of the outlet feed rolls is driven for advancing the original from the housing through exit passage 22. Additional lightsealing means are provided for exit passage 22 and, in the form shown, comprise a light-sealing element dependent from forward passage wall 3% extending around the forwardrnost outlet feed roll 112 to a position adjacent guide roll 102. Light-sealing element 114 performs the additional function of aiding in guiding the leading end of the original from between tube 98 and guide roll 16 2 into the bite of outlet feed rolls 112. The housing includes an inner wall 116 extending between forward passage wall 24 and rear passage wall 32. Mounted on inner wall 116 is a light-sealing element 113 having a first dependent portion 129 extending downwardly between the forwardmost inlet feed roll 1118 and tube 98 and a second dependent portion 122 extending downwardly from a position adjacent the rearmost outlet feed roll 112 to a position adjacent tube 98. Second dependent portio'n 122 cooperates with the lower portion of light-sealing elemerit 114 to provide a passage for guiding the original from between tube 98 and guide roll 102 into the bite of outlet feed rolls 112.

ing this processing comprise a pair of pressure-applying i rolls 124'- and 126, roll 124 beingmounted for rotation on intermediate chassis 72 and roll 1% being mounted on lower chassis 50 so that the axes of the'rolls lie in substantially a common place when the apparatus is in the tion of the fluid from the container.

operative position shown in FIG. 3. Rolls 124 and 126 are located adjacent guide roll 102-, and roll 126 is mounted for limited movement toward and away from roll 124, spring means 128 being provided for biasing roll 126 toward roll 124. Photosensitive sheet 77 extends from between tube 98 and guide roll 1112 between rolls 124 and 126 and image-receiving sheet 78 is conducted from spool 82 around roll 124 into superposition with the photosensitive sheet between rolls 124 and 126. Mounting of spool 32 and pressure-applying roll 124 on intermediate chassis 72 permits the photosensitive and image-receiving sheets to be threaded in superposition between the pressure-applying rolls.

In the form of document'copying apparatus shown, the processing fiuid for each exposed area of the photosensitive sheet is provided on the photosensitive sheet in the form of an elongated mass extending from side to side of the exposed area of the sheet near the leading edge of the exposed area, that is, on the portion of the photosensitive sheet extending between guide roll 102 and the bite of pressure-applying rolls 124 and 126. Advancement of the photosensitive and second sheets in superposition between the pressure-applying rolls causes this mass of fluid to be distributed between the sheets toward the trailing end of the exposed area of the photosensitive sheet. It is contemplated that the processing fluid required for each exposed area of the photosensitive sheet, in order to produce a positive copy on the image-receiving sheet, will be supplied in an elongated tubular container very much like a conventional drinking straw. This con tainer, designated 13% in FIG. 9, includes a cavity of substantially uniform cross section approximately equal in length to the width of the exposure area or" the photosensitive sheet and filled with the processing fluid. Both ends of the container are sealed to prevent escape of the fiuid and the admission of air into the container, and one end, termed the trailing end and designated 132, is constructed so as to become unsealed in response to the generation of hydraudic pressure within the fluid, to form a discharge mouth preferably equal in area to the cross sectional area of the fluid-filled cavity through which the fluid contents of the container are discharged. Containers of this type, their construction and function are described in detail in the copending application of Edwin H. Land, Serial No. 820,266, filed June 15, 1959.

The apparatus includes means permitting the container to be introduced into the apparatus so that it extends across and adjacent the-portion of photosensitive sheet 77 extending between guide roll 1112 and the bite of the pressure-applying rolls. This means comprises a tapered opening 136 in lower side wall 44. Mounted within the housing in alignment with opening 136 is a channelshaped guide member 138 which extends from the tapered opening into the housing past the edge of the photosensitive sheet for supporting and guiding container 139 into the housing into a position extending across and adjacent the photosensitive sheet. The container is introduped into the housing until leading end 134 is located adjacent the margin of the photosensitive sheet furthest from opening 136 and the leading end of the fluid-filled cavity'is located adjacent the lateral edge of the exposure area. The container is then compressed at a position in the region of the edge of the exposure area closest opening 136 and simultaneously Withdrawn from the apparatus through opening 136. This causes the leading end of the container to become unsealed and the fluid contents of the container to be ejected therefrom in the form of a uniformly distributed elongated mass extending across the portion of the photosensitive sheet extending between guide r ll1tl2 and the pressure-applying rolls. 1

Means are provided for compressing the container, as described, during its withdrawal in order to cause ejec- This means comprises aturned up curved lip 141) on guide member 138 and a corresponding juxtaposed lip 142 on the end of a channel-shaped pressure member 144 mounted for lim ited pivotal movement inside guide member 138 in such a way that the guide member and pressure member cooperate to form a tube through which the straw-shaped pod is introduced and withdrawn. A manually operable push button 146 mounted in a recess in upper wall 18 and side wall 42 is provided for pivoting pressure member 144 so that lip 142 is urged toward lip to apply compressive pressure to the container. Push button 146 actuates a plunger rod 148 supported for axial movement in a bracket 15% extending inwardly from upper side wall 42. A spring arm 152 is connected to the inner lower end of plunger rod 148 and bears against pressure member 144 for pivoting the pressure member toward guide member 138 when button 146 and plunger rod 148 are depressed. A split ring 153 is provided on rod 148 as a stop for limiting the downward movement of the rod to prevent undue pressure from being applied to, the container. The pressure applied to the container is limited by the resilience of spring arm 152 and this, together with the stop, prevents the container from being compressed so that it might break when withdrawal is attempted. A spring 154 is provided for biasing the push button and plunger arm outwardly.

The photosensitive and print-receiving sheets comprising the sandwich formed by pressure-applying rolls 124 and 126 are required to remain in superposition during a predetermined imbibition (processing) period, during which the sandwich is retained in the dark and at, the end of which the sandwich may be moved into the light and the sheets separated. The apparatus includes means for transporting the sandwich through the housing within a lighttight environment and then guiding the sandwich from the housing, through withdrawal opening 36. This means comprises a pair of rolls 156 and 158 mounted in juxtaposition within the housing adjacent and in closing relation to withdrawal opening 36. Both. of rolls 156 and 153 preferably comprise surface layers of a compliant material having a high coeflicient of friction, rubber being desirable for this purpose. Roll 158 is mounted for rotation on lower chassis 50 closely adjacent forward end wall 38. Roll 156 is mounted for rotary movement at its ends on, arms 1611, in turn pivotally mounted on intermediate chassis 72. Torsion springs 162 are provided for biasing arms 160 so as to urge roll 156 toward and into engagement with roll 158 when the'apparatus is inthe operative position shown in FIG. 3. 'Mounting of roll 1% on intermediate chassis 72 permits roll 15-5 to be spaced apart from roll 158 when the apparatus is in the open position shown in FIG. 4, thereby permitting the photosensitive and second sheets to be threaded between pressure-applying rolls 124 and 126 and between rolls 156 and 158. Tabs 154 are provided on the lower portion of 7 arms 74 of intermediate chassis 72for engaging arms 160 and acting as a stop for pivotal movement of arms 160 when the intermediate chassis is pivoted to an open position.

The document copying apparatus of the invention is intended, as previously noted, to be manually operated and, in the form shown in FIGS. 1 through 8, is operated and pressure-applying rolls 124 and 12d; thereupon the V operator introduces an original 106 into passage 20 until the leading end of the original is at the bite of inlet feed rolls 11. 8, whereupon the operator grasps the end portions of. the photosensitive and second sheets extending 9. through passage 36 and pulls the photosensitive and image-receiving sheets to advance them through the apparatus. It is during this advancement that the original is fed into superposition with the photosensitive sheet between the latter and tube 98, the photosensitive sheet is exposed and the exposed area of'the photosensitive sheet is advanced in superposition with an area of the image-receiving sheet between the pressure-applying rolls to distribute the fluid and form a sandwich which is advanced from the pressure-applying rolls to rolls 156 and 158 and thence from the apparatus through withdrawal passage 36. The apparatus includes a transmission driven by frictional engagement of one of the sheets with one of the rolls and connected with the various components of the apparatus for effecting the introduction and ejection of the original and the exposure of the photosensitive sheet. In the form shown in FIG. 8, the trans mission is driven by frictional engagement of the photosensitive sheet with roll 158, and comprises a sequence of engaged torque transmitting members such as toothed or friction gears, the latter being shown as the preferred form because many of the friction gears which are required to coact are on different chassis.

The transmission includes a first friction roll 166 keyed to the shaft on which roll 158 is mounted, and a second (idler) frictionroll 168 mounted on side plate 56 of lower chassis 50 in frictional engagement with friction roll 166. Each of outlet feed rolls 112 is connected to friction roll 170, the latter being frictionally engaged with one another and one of friction rolls 170 being frictionally engaged with second friction roll 168, the latter transmitting torque to friction roll 170 with which it is engaged for rotating the output feed rolls. Torque is transmitted to the inlet feed rolls 1158 through an idler friction roll 172 engaged with one of friction rollslitl and with one of a second pair of friction rolls 174i coupled with inlet feed rolls 108. Only one of outlet feed rolls 112 need be driven to feled the original from the apparatus when the leading edge of the original has been fed from the bite of tube 98 and guide roll 102 intothelbite of the outlet feed rolls. The other friction roll 170 would then merely function. as an idler for transmitting torque from the driving friction roll 170 to idler friction roll 172,.

As previously noted, thedocument copying apparatus of the invention is designed tobe operated manually without the need for an outside source of electrical power; and power for the light sources, i.e., lamps 92, is supplied manually in conjunction with advancement and processing of the sheet materials. Current for the lamps is supplied by; a director alternating current generator, designated 176, connected to the'transmission through a friction drive roll 17,8 andan idler'friction roll 18% keyed tothe ,same shaft as idler friction roll 172. Generator 176 is shown as being mounted: onupper wall 18 of the upper housing section intermediate inlet and exit passages 24 and 22. Reference is now made'to' FIG. of the draw- 7 to a rlieos tat 182 having separate parallel windings each connected in series with one of lamps QZ. The construction of the rheostat issuch that only one of the windings is employed at any time so that only one of the lamps is illuminated. A control knob 1% is provided on the rheostat exterior of the housing so that the lamps may be employed selectively and the intensity thereof may be controlled.

be controlled. .For this purpose the apparatus is" pro- .and bottom wall 46. 1 (in a clockwise direction viewing FIG. 3) causes a short vided witha governor designated 186. Governor 186 A may be of a conventional mechanical type mounted, for example, coaxially with generator 176 on the same shaft or, as in the form shown, may be mounted apart from a generator and connected to the transmission through a friction drive roll 188 frictionally engaged with idler friction roll 180. Thegovernor functions to limit the speed of the transmission and thereby control the output of the gcncratorand, hence, intensity of lamps ?2; and also controls the rate at which the photosensitive sheet is moved through the apparatus so that the period during which any portion of the photosensitive sheet is subjected to exposure to light from bars 84 is substantially predetermined and constant. The rate of movement of the sandwich comprising the exposed photosensitive sheet and the image-receiving sheet from pressure-applying rolls 124 and 126 to rolls 156 and 158 is also controlled so that the processing or imbibition period is of a predetermined. constant duration.

When making a copy of a document, the portion of the sandwich projecting from the apparatus through opening 36 is pulled until a predetermined length of the two sheets is advanced through the apparatus. This length is approximately equal to the length of the document being copied plus sufficient extra sheet material to advance the portion of the sandwich containing the copy completely from the apparatus through opening 36. A metering mechanism may be provided in the apparatus and coupled with the transmission for metering the length of the sheets advanced through the apparatus for each copy, or the sheet materials may be provided with some indicia visible to the operator to indicate when a sufficient length of the sheet materials has been withdrawn through the apparatus. The aforementioned extra length of sandwich is obviously atleast equal to the sheet path length between guide roll 102and opening 36 and this-extra length of sandwich may, in one form of the apparatus, serve to trap and retain any excess processing fluid which is distributed between the sheets, beyond the trailing edges of the exposed area of image receiving area of the from a position with its lower edge, designated 194, disposed adjacent and just above opening 36 to a second position with edge 194 disposed below opening 36 and abutting a shoulder 196 at the juncture of forward end wall 38 Pivoting cutter bar l9tidownward section of the sandwich to be retained between the cutter bar and end wall 38, and this section of the sandwich functions "as a-leader which may be grasped after the sandwich has been severed therefrom by tearing the sandwich' against edge 194 of the cutter bar which,vincidentally-, may be sharpened to facilitate this operation. A torsion spring (not shown) may be provided for urging the cutter bar counterclockwise (viewing FIG. 3) into the upper position shown in the drawings, at which position the operator may grasp the section of the sandwichextending through opening 36 for pulling the sheets through the apparatus to produce a copy of an original document.

The lower input to the document copier of the invention-is'entirely manual and, instead of being applied di- 1 rectly to the photosensitive and second sheets by grasping the sheets, ,the'input of power to the apparatus may he accomplishhed by winding or tensioning of a conventional spring motor. which would then serve to d'r'ive'the transmission for advancing the photosensitive and image-receiving sheets through the apparatus, for feeding an original into and from the apparatus, and for operating the generator to supply current to the lamps. Another embodiment of the document copying apparatus, incorporating a spring motor for driving the apparatus, is illustrated in FIGS. 11 through 13 of the drawings. The overall construction and arrangement of the various components of the document copier of FIGS. 11 through 13 is substantially the same as that previously described and shown, the difference residing primarily in the transmission and the cutter bar. The torque required for winding or tensioning the spring motor is transmitted to the spring motor by way of the cutter bar, which is required to be manually actuated prior to the production of a copy.

The document copying apparatus of FIGS. 11 and 12 comprises a cutter bar, designated 200, mounted on a pair of arms 202 and 204 located exterior of the housing of the apparatus and pivotally mounted near the rear end of the apparatus. Arrns 202 and 204 are provided with extensions 206 on which is mounted a handle 208, which may be employed for actuating the cutter bar. The transmission includes a friction drive roll 210 coupled with one of arms 202 and 204 so as to be rotated by the arm. A conventional spring motor 212 is provided mounted within the housing on upper wall 18 and is coupled with friction drive roll 210 througha friction drive roll 214 engaged with an idler friction roll 216 in turn engaged with friction drive roll 210. The governor, in this embodiment, is designated 218 and is located on the under side of the housing adjacent the forward end of the housing and is connected to the transmission through a suitable gear arrangement which is not shown. The remaining components of the transmission are substantially the same as those previously described includposition shown in FIG. 11 in which the lower 'edge of cutter bar 200 is located just above and adjacent withdrawal opening 36, permitting the sandwich to be advanced by rolls 156 and 158 through opening 36 from the housing. The cutter bar can be depressed slightly to a second position in order to clamp a portion of the sandwich projecting through the opening, and-provides means against which the sandwich may be drawn for severing it from the remainder of the sandwich remaining in the housing. The cutter bar is preferably biased in a counterclockwise direction to a third position, shown in FIG. 12, in which arms 202 and 204 extend vertically. The cutter bar is moved into this third position and then returned to the first-mentioned position for tensioning the spring motor. A detent type of latch 220 is provided on the housing for releasably engaging arm 202 and retaining the cutter bar in the first-mentioned position, shown in FIG. 11. The latch detent isenaged in an opening in arm 202 and is constructed to permit limited movement a release mechanism may include a manually operated device or'a device which is actuated to release the drive when an original is'introduced into inner passage 2 into the bite of the inlet rolls. When the drive'mechanism is of the cutter bar from the first tothe second position released, the spring motor advances the sheets through the apparatus while simultaneously driving the generator to power one of the lamps and drive the inlet and outlet rolls to advance the original into superposition with the photosensitive sheet and following exposure thereof, advance the original from the housing. In this embodiment as well, means may be provided for metering the length of the sheets advanced and arresting the sheet advancement when the desired length of the sheets has been advanced, or the spring motor may be so constructed and coupled with the transmission as to advance the sheets through the apparatus the distance required for making a single copy. While other mechanisms may be provided for tensioning the spring motor, the use of the cutter bar for this purpose is preferred, since the cutter bar, when employed in this manner, performs a dual function.

Since certain changes may be made in the above apparatus without departing from the scope of the invention herein involved, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.

What is claimed is:

1. Photographic apparatus for exposing and treating with a processing liquid, a succession of areas of a photosensitive sheet to make copies of original documents, said apparatus comprising, in combination:

a housing for mounting and enclosingthe components of said apparatus and providing a light-free environment for said photosensitive sheet during exposure and processing thereof, said housing comprising first and second sections movable with respect to one another between operative and inoperative positions to permit loading of sheet materials into said' apparatus;

a source of illumination within said housing for exposing said photosensitive sheet;

first guide means comprising a cylindrical support member mounted for rotation about its axis on said first housing section; second guide means comprising a pair of backing members mounted on said second housing section for juxtaposition with axial portions of the periphery of said support member in the operative position of said housing sections, said. backing members being positioned for supporting a portion of said photosensitive sheet between said backing members against said guide member during rotation of said guide member and movement of said sheet withrespect to said backing members; said source of illuminationbeing positioned for exposing said portion of said photosensitive sheet supported against said supporting member between said backing members;

light shield means disposed between said source and other sections of said housing for preventing light from said source from exposing other portions of said photosensitive sheet within said apparatus;

processing means including first and second pressure applying members mounted in juxtaposition respectively on said first and second housing sections for applying compressive pressure to said sheet during 'movement thereof between said pressure applying members;

means for dispensing a quantity of said processing liquid adjacent said pressure applying'members for distribution in contact with each successive exposed area of said sheet; I

third guide means including portions of said first housing section providing inlet and exit passages through which original documents can. be introduced and withdrawn from said housing, and first and second pairs of juxtaposed feed rolls mounted on said first housing section with their axes substantially parallel with said axis of said support member, said first pair of feed rolls being mounted' in closing relation to said inlet passage adjacent said support member with their surfaces generally tangent with a plane tangent with said support member in the region thereof closest one of said backing members, said second pair of feed rolls being mounted in closing relation to said exit passage adjacent said support member with their surfaces generally tangent with a plane tangent with said support member in the region thereof closest the other of said backing members; and

drive means for moving said photosensitive sheet through said apparatus and rotating said first and second pairs of juxtaposed feed rolls to advance an original document at substantially the same linear rate as said photosensitive sheet, into said apparatus into superposition with said sheet between said support member and said one backing member and from superposition With said sheet at said support member and said other backing member.

2. The photographic apparatus of claim 1 in which said first and second housing sections include portions cooperating to provide an opening in said housing between said sections thruogh which said photosensitive sheet is Withdrawn following processing; and including a pair of juxtaposed lightseal rolls mounted on different housing sections adjacent said opening in closing relation to said opening for rotation in frictional engagement with said photosensitive sheet during movement of said sheet between said rolls through said opening; a transmission coupled between said light-seal rolls and said feed rolls for synchronizing the rotation of said teed rolls with the rate of movement of said photosensitive sheet so as to move an original into and from superposition with said photosensitive sheet at substantially the same rate; and means including said first backing member for maintaining at least the portionof said photosensitive sheet extending from said first backing member around said guide member to said second backing member under tension in order to retain said portion of said photosensitive sheet and an original in superposition against said support member.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,509,072 Pratt et al May 23, 1950 2,692,540 Bing et a1. Oct. 26, 1954 2,732,778 Limberger Jan. 31, 1956 2,834,272 Erlichman May 13, 1958 2,854,903 Land et al. Oct. 7, 1958 3,091,169 Taini et a1. May 28, 1963 3,094,909 Szekeres June 25, 1963 

1. PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS FOR EXPOSING AND TREATING WITH A PROCESSING LIQUID, A SUCCESSION OF AREAS OF A PHOTOSENSITIVE SHEET TO MAKE COPIES OF ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS, SAID APPARATUS COMPRISING, IN COMBINATION: A HOUSING FOR MOUNTING AND ENCLOSING THE COMPONENTS OF SAID APPARATUS AND PROVIDING A LIGHT-FREE ENVIRONMENT FOR SAID PHOTOSENSITIVE SHEET DURING EXPOSURE AND PROCESSING THEREOF, SAID HOUSING COMPRISING FIRST AND SECOND SECTIONS MOVABLE WITH RESPECT TO ONE ANOTHER BETWEEN OPERATIVE AND INOPERATIVE POSITIONS TO PERMIT LOADING OF SHEET MATERIALS INTO SAID APPARATUS; A SOURCE OF ILLUMINATION WITHIN SAID HOUSING FOR EXPOSING SAID PHOTOSENSITIVE SHEET; FIRST GUIDE MEANS COMPRISING A CYLINDRICAL SUPPORT MEMBER MOUNTED FOR ROTATION ABOUT ITS AXIS ON SAID FIRST HOUSING SECTION; SECOND GUIDE MEANS COMPRISING A PAIR OF BACKING MEMBERS MOUNTED ON SAID SECOND HOUSING SECTION FOR JUXTAPOSITION WITH AXIAL PORTIONS OF THE PERIPHERY OF SAID SUPPORT MEMBER IN THE OPERATIVE POSITION OF SAID HOUSING SECTIONS, SAID BACKING MEMBERS BEING POSITIONED FOR SUPPORTION A PORTION OF SAID PHOTOSENSITIVE SHEET BETWEEN SAID BACKING MEMBERS AGAINST SAID GUIDE MEMBER DURING ROTATION OF SAID GUIDE MEMBER AND MOVEMENT OF SAID SHEET WITH RESPECT TO SAID BACKING MEMBERS; SAID SOURCE OF ILLUMINATION BEING POSITIONED FOR EXPOSING SAID PORTION OF SAID PHOTOSENSITIVE SHEET SUPPORTED AGAINST SAID SUPPORTING MEMBER BETWEEN SAID BACKING MEMBERS; LIGHT SHIELD MEANS DISPOSED BETWEEN SAID SOURCE AND OTHER SECTIONS OF SAID HOUSING FOR PREVENTING LIGHT FROM SAID SOURCE FROM EXPOSING OTHER PORTIONS OF SAID PHOTOSENSITIVE SHEET WITHIN SAID APPARATUS; PROCESSING MEANS INCLUDING FIRST AND SECOND PRESSURE APPLYING MEMBERS MOUNTED IN JUXTAPOSITION RESPECTIVELY ON SAID FIRST AND SECOND HOUSING SECTIONS FOR APPLYING COMPRESSIVE PRESSURE TO SAID SHEET DURING MOVEMENT THEREOF BETWEEN SAID PRESSURE APPLYING MEMBERS; MEANS FOR DISPENSING A QUANTITY OF SAID PROCESSING LIQUID ADJACENT SAID PRESSURE APPLYING MEMBERS FOR DISTRIBUTION IN CONTACT WITH EACH SUCCESSIVE EXPOSED AREA OF SAID SHEET; THIRD GUIDE MEANS INCLUDING PORTIONS OF SAID FIRST HOUSING SECTION PROVIDING INLET AND EXIT PASSAGES THROUGH WHICH ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS CAN BE INTRODUCED AND WITHDRAWN FROM SAID HOUSING, AND FIRST AND SECOND PAIRS OF JUXTAPOSED FEED ROLLS MOUNTED ON SAID FIRST HOUSING SECTION WITH THEIR AXES SUBSTANTIALLY PARALLEL WITH SAID AXIS OF SAID SUPPORT MEMBER, SAID FIRST PAIR OF FEED ROLLS BEING MOUNTED IN CLOSING RELATION TO SAID INLET PASSAGE ADJACENT SAID SUPPORT MEMBER WITH THEIR SURFACES GENERALLY TANGENT WITH A PLANE TANGENT WITH SAID SUPPORT MEMBER IN THE REGION THEREOF CLOSEST ONE OF SAID BACKING MEMBERS, SAID SECOND PAIR OF FEED ROLLS BEING ADJACENT SAID SUPPORT MEMBER TO SAID EXIT PASSAGE ADJACENT SAID SUPPORT MEMBER WITH THEIR SURFACES GENERALLY TANGENT WITH A PLANE TANGENT WITH SAID SUPPORT MEMBER IN THE REGION THEREOF CLOSEST THE OTHER OF SAID BACKING MEMBERS; AND DRIVE MEANS FOR MOVING SAID PHOTOSENSITIVE SHEET THROUGH SAID APPARATUS AND ROTATING SAID FIRST AND SECOND PAIRS OF JUXTAPOSED FEED ROLLS TO ADVANCE AN ORIGINAL DOCUMENT AT SUBSTANTIALLY THE SAME LINEAR RATE AS SAID PHOTOSENSITIVE SHEET, INTO SAID APPARATUS INTO SUPERPOSITION WITH SAID SHEET BETWEEN SAID SUPPORT MEMBER AND SAID ONE BACKING MEMBER AND FROM SUPERPOSITION WITH SAID SHEET AT SAID SUPPORT MEMBER AND SAID OTHER BACKING MEMBER. 